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f N. CHANDLER.

STEAM ENGINE.

No. 333,343. Patented .133.39, 1395.-

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Miren Srnrns NOEL CHANDLER, OF HEDNESFORD, ENGLAND.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 533,348, `dated January 29, 1895. Application filed April 5, 1893. Seria] No. 469,215.- (No model.) Patented in England February 6, 1893,'No. 2,621.

To all whom t may concern..-

Be it known that I, N OL CHANDLER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Hednesford, in the county of Staord, England, have invented Improvements in Steam-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention was patented in Great Britain February 6, 1893, numbered 2,621.

In the specification of a former United States patent granted to me dated February 4, 1890, No. 420,862, there is described a type of compound singly acting closed in engine having two piston valves, one for the high pressure and one for the low pressure cylinder and a sleeve valve adapted to admit of the passage of steam through itself, while its periphery commands the exhaust passage from the low pressure cylinder.

Now according to my present invention in order that compound single acting engines may be safely run at a high speed, and in a silent or practically silent manner I so construct them that steam can be admitted to the upper end of each or either of the engine cylinders and on the top of the pistons therein, just before the said pistons reach the highest point g or top center of their upward stroke.

' As will be obvious my improvements can be applied to compound engines of various constructions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of a compound single acting engine of the type herein referred to embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of part of such engine drawn to a larger scale. Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections of parts ofA such an engine illustrating modified constructions.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings 1 and 2 are the high and low pressurel cylinders arranged one above the other and fitted with pistons 3 and 4 respectively. 5 and 6 are the high pressure and lower pressure steam valves for controlling the passage of motive liuid to and from the said cylinders, and 7 is the hollow sleeve valve for controlling the exhaust opening 8 all as described in my said former specication. The pistons 3 and 4 are mounted upon a common rod 9, the piston 3 resting against a conical or enlarged part 9n of the rod, and the piston 4 freely fitting the rod, and between the pistons and surrounding the rod is a tube 10, the arrangement being such that by screwing a nut 9b on the rod above the piston 3 so as to cause it to act directly or indirectly against such piston, both pistons will be rmly secured on the :rod by one tightening operation, thereby dispensing with the separate nuts or fastening devices heretofore usually employed for fixing the pressure piston on the rod, and facilitating the construction and repair of the engine.

For the purpose of admitting steam to the top of the cylinder 2 and above the piston 4 for the purpose of cushioning the piston when thecsame iscompleting its upstroke, the distane tube l0 is made of such an internal diameter as to inclose an annular space 1l around the piston rod, and holes 12 12a are formed through the said tube whereby low pressure steam can pass from the under side of the high pressure piston 3by the space 1l into the low pressure cylinder 2 above its piston 4, when this piston is nearing the end of its upstroke and is in such a position that the set of holes 12 is within the high pressure cylinder while the other set is within the low pressure cylinder. The perforated tube 10 thus forms a valve which moves With the pistons.

For the purpose of admitting high pressure or live steam to the high pressure cylinder for cushioning the piston 3 in that cylinder there is arranged above the said cylinder a cushion or lead cylinder 13 having a steam port 14 which is in communication by means of a pipe-15 either with the high pressure steam chest 16 as shown or it may be with the boiler. Within this cylinder 13 is a valve 17 xed by means of the nut 9b on the piston rod 9 which is made of suitable length for this purpose, a distance tube 18 being interposed between such valve and the high pressure piston 3. As will be seen the arrangement is such that when the high pressure piston 3 nears the upper end of its stroke, the valve 17 will uncover the steam port 14 and cylinder.

allow high pressure steam to pass to and act upon the upper side of the piston 3 so as to assist in cushioning this piston, and wh-en the two pistons 3-4 have descended a certain distance, depending on the size of the engine, the said valve 17 will close the said port 14 and cut off the supply of such high pressure or cushioning steam to the high pressure cylinder.

In order that the point of cut ott may be varied in the cushion or lead cylinder, the lead valve 17 may be so connected and arranged that it can be raised or lowered when desired relatively to the port 14, or this port may be varied in height which will have a similar effect.

Fig. 3 illustrates a modified arrangement for admitting steam to the low pressure cylinder. In this arrangement instead of making the distance tube 10 of such an internal diameter that it incloses an annular space around the piston 'rod and forming it with two series of holes as hereinbefore described, it is made to more or less closely fit the piston rod and longitudinal grooves or passages 10a are formed at intervals around said tube 10, said grooves or passages being of such a length and formed at such a part of the tube 10 that steam can pass down them from the under side of the high pressure piston to the upper side of the low pressure piston just before the latter completes its upward stroke.

Fig. 4 illustrates a modied arrangement for admitting live or high pressure steam to the upper end of the high pressure cylinder for the purpose of cushioning the piston 3 therein. In this arrangement the valve 17 and tube 18 shown in Fig. 1 are replaced by a tube 19 that is closed at its upper end and is formed with two series of holes 19a and 19b by means of which steam can pass from the cushion or lead cylinder 13 to the upper end of the higher pressure cylinder l above the piston therein when this piston nears the upper end of its stroke.

I may sometimes employ lead or cushioning arrangements such as hereinbefore described for admitting steam to the high pressure cylinder, in engines having two or more cranks, in which case the high and low pressure cylinders will be arranged side by side as in the specitication of British Letters Patent granted to me, No. 14,419 ot 1890, the cushioning arrangement being applied to the top of each In each case I prefer to employ a closed crank chamber 2l constructed with large openings 22 both back and front each closed by a removable door or cover 23 whereby easy access can be obtained when desired to the stuffing boxes and other parts within the crank chamber.

What I claim is- 1. A compound single acting engine having a steam valve in the form of a sleeve surrounding the piston rod and formed with one or f more steam ypassages of comparatively small volume arranged external to said rod and adapted to admit steam to the upper end of the low pressure cylinder through the cover thereof just before the said piston completes its upstroke substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.

2. In a compound engine, the combination with the low pressure piston, of a cylindrical valve working through the cover of the low pressure cylinder and having in its periphery longitudinal shallow grooves or recesses adapted to place the top of said cylinder in communication with a source of'steam just before the said low pressure piston completes its upstroke substantially as herein described.

3. A compound single acting engine having valves in the form of sleeves formed with steam passages of comparatively small volume arranged external to and parallel with the rod carrying each sleeve, said valves being arranged to admit steam to the upper or outer ends of the engine cylinders just before the pistons complete their upward or return strokes substantially as herein described for the purposes specified.

4. In a compound single acting tandem engine, the combination with a piston rod common to the high and low pressure pistons, of distance tubes surrounding said rod at opposite sides of the high pressure piston and each formed with longitudinal shallow steam grooves or passages in its periphery whereby steam can pass to the upper end of each cylinder just before the pistons complete their upstrokes substantially as herein described for the purposes specified.

5. In a compound single acting tandem engine, the combination with the high and low pressure cylinders and their pistons, of a lead cylinder secured to the upper end of the high pressure 4cylinders and distance tubes carried by the pistons and their common rod and each formed in its outer periphery with short longitudinal shallow steam grooves or passages whereby steam is permitted to flow from said lead cylinder to the upper' end of the high pressure cylinder and from the lower end of this cylinder to the upper end of the low pressure cylinder just before the pistons complete4 their up strokes substantially as herein described for the purposes specified.

6. In a compound single acting engine, the combination with superimposed high and low pressure cylinders and the pistons therein, of a lead cylinder secured to the top of the high pressure cylinder, a single piston rod eXtending through said cylinders and pistons and into said lead cylinder, a distance tube surrounding said piston rod between said pistons, a second distance tube surrounding the part of the piston rod extending into said lead cylinder and a fastening device attached to the upper end of said piston rod and within said lead cylinder for securing said pistons IOO IIO

and distance tubes upon said rod each of said In testimony whereof I have signed my distance tubes being formed with one or more name t0 this specification in the presence of narrow steam passages externaihto and paraitwo subscribing witnesses. 1e1 with said piston rod and W ereby steam 5 can pass from said lead cylinder into the up- NOEL CHANDLER' per end of said high pressure cylinder and Witnesses: from the lower end of this cylinder to the up- JOHN HENRY FROST, per end of the 10W pressure cylinder just FREDERICK JOHN EDWARDS, before the pistons complete their upward Both of 25 Waterloo Street, Birmingham, Io strokes, substantially as described. Clerks to Cottrell df; Son, Solicitors. 

